Applications - Physical Methods
20.10.2011In modern laboratories the demand for clean and safe work was never higher than today. Intelligent systems can help minimize the negative effects which are generated by uncontrolled instruments.
more22.10.2010What have white tattoo ink, milk, toothpaste and lines on tennis courts in common? In all cases TiO2 (titanium dioxide) is used as a white pigment. It is the widest used white pigment due to its brightness and very high refractive index of 2.7. Approximately four million tons of this pigment are consumed annually worldwide. Depending on the application field, the size range of the TiO2 particles differs: sometimes the particle diameter is in the range of nanometers, and sometimes in the range of micrometers.
more23.07.2010Nitrogen is an important component in the manufacture of chemical and petrochemical products. In its liquid form, nitrogen is used by the oil industry to build up pressure in wells to force crude oil to the surface. However, high concentration of nitrogen in chemical and petrochemical products has a negative impact on the refinery process. Nitrogen poisons catalysts thereby reducing their efficiency, shortening their lifespan and increasing operation costs.
more23.07.2010In satellite technology travelling wave tubes are used as efficient and robust amplifier systems for microwave signals. The demands on quality and reliability of the tube amplifiers are very high. Their average economic life time in orbit, e.g. in geostationary satellites such as Astra is approximately 15-18 years. Intensive function and stress tests are carried out in advance to ensure a trouble-free operation. Cyclic temperature stress tests ensure that the signal amplification is always within the tolerance range even at fluctuating ambient conditions between -40°C and +90°C.
more23.07.2010Fully automated particle characterisation using imaging and data analysis techniques can deliver statistically significant size and shape information in a single measurement, and with minimal user intervention. This article examines how the latest instrumentation is addressing industry's need for increasingly detailed particle characterisation.
more23.07.2010Especially for pharmaceutical applications a homogenous size distribution of particles is of enormous importance. For a controllable drug release behavior and an efficient delivery to the target cells the agent particles must have a nearly identical particle size and shape. An appropriate method to achieve small particles with a homogenous size is spray drying. Traditional spray dryers are instruments for production scales and need large volumes which are often not available in R&D laboratories.
more23.07.2010The process of particle size enlargement can change the properties of granular materials significantly. By agglomeration fine-sized primary particles are transformed into free-flowing and dustless consumer products. Usually this is achieved by the addition of an aqueous binder forming liquid bridges between the primary particles. To solidify the binder bridges the solvent needs to be removed by a drying process. The fluid bed technology is one possibility to combine both agglomeration and drying in a single apparatus.
more23.07.2010Quartz reference standards for particle size analysis were produced by the European Community almost 30 years ago and coincided with the development of laser diffraction methods of particle size analysis.
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